The Greatest Ninja Battle in 1581

It was a lawless era in Japan, with petty feudal lords fighting a never-ending series of small wars over land and power. In the chaotic Sengoku period (1467-1598), the peasants often ended up as cannon-fodder or incidental victims of the samurai wars; some commoners, however, organized themselves to defend their own homes, and to take advantage of the constant warfare. We call them the yamabushi or ninja. The key ninja strongholds were the mountainous provinces of Iga and Koga, located in what are now Mie and Shiga Prefectures, respectively, in southern Honshu. Residents of these two provinces gathered information and practiced their own techniques of espionage, medicine, warfare, and assassination. Politically and socially, the ninja provinces were independent, self-governing, and democratic - they were ruled by town council, rather than by a central authority or daimyo. To the autocratic nobles of other regions, this form of government was anathema. Warlord Oda Nobunaga (1534 - 82) remarked, They make no distinction between high and low, rich and poor... Such behavior is a mystery to me, for they go so far as to make light of rank, and have no respect for high ranking officials. He would soon bring these ninja lands to heel. Nobunaga embarked on a campaign to reunify central Japan under his authority. Although he did not live to see it, his efforts began the process that would end the Sengoku, and usher in 250 years of peace under the Tokugawa Shogunate. Nobunaga sent his son, Oda Nobuo, to take over the province of Ise in 1576. The former daimyos family, the Kitabatakes, rose up, but Nobuas army crushed them. The surviving Kitabatake family members sought refuge in Iga with one of the Oda clans major foes, the Mori clan. Oda Nobuo Humiliated Nobuo decided to deal with the Mori/Kitabatake threat by seizing Iga Province. He first took Maruyama Castle early in 1579 and began to fortify it; however, the Iga officials knew exactly what he was doing, because many of their ninja had taken construction jobs at the castle. Armed with this intelligence, the Iga commanders attacked Maruyama one night and burned it to the ground. Humiliated and furious, Oda Nobuo decided to attack Iga immediately in an all-out assault. His ten to twelve thousand warriors launched a three-pronged attack over the major mountain passes in eastern Iga in September 1579. They converged on Iseji village, where the 4,000 to 5,000 Iga warriors lay in wait. As soon as Nobuos forces had entered the valley, Iga fighters attacked from the front, while other forces cut off the passes to block the Oda armys retreat. From the cover, the Iga ninja shot Nobuos warriors with firearms and bows, then closed to finish them off with swords and spears. Fog and rain descended, leaving the Oda samurai bewildered. Nobuos army disintegrated - some killed by friendly fire, some committing seppuku, and thousands falling to the Iga forces. As historian Stephen Turnbull points out, this was one of the most dramatic triumphs of unconventional warfare over traditional samurai tactics in the whole of Japanese history. Oda Nobuo escaped the slaughter but was roundly chastised by his father for the fiasco. Nobunaga noted that his son has failed to hire any ninja of his own to spy out the enemys position and strength. Get shinobi (ninja)... This one action alone will gain you a victory. Revenge of the Oda Clan On October 1, 1581, Oda Nobunaga led about 40,000 warriors in an attack on Iga province, which was defended by approximately 4,000 ninja and other Iga warriors. Nobunagas massive army attacked from the west, east, and north, in five separate columns. In what must have been a bitter pill for Iga to swallow, many of the Koga ninja came into the battle on Nobunagas side. Nobunaga had taken his own advice about recruiting ninja assistance. The Iga ninja army held a hill-top fort, surrounded by earthworks, and they defended it desperately. Faced with overwhelming numbers, however, the ninja surrendered their fort. Nobunagas troops unleashed a massacre on the residents of Iga, although some hundreds escaped. The ninja stronghold of Iga was crushed. Aftermath of the Iga Revolt In the aftermath, the Oda clan and later scholars called this series of encounters the Iga Revolt or the Iga No Run. Although the surviving ninja from Iga scattered across Japan, taking their knowledge and techniques with them, the defeat at Iga signaled the end of ninja independence. A number of the survivors made their way to the domain of Tokugawa Ieyasu, a rival of Nobunagas, who welcomed them. Little did they know that Ieyasu and his descendants would stamp out all opposition, and usher in a centuries-long era of peace that would make ninja skills obsolete. The Koga ninja did play a role in several later battles, including the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, and the Siege of Osaka in 1614. The last known action that employed Koga ninja was the Shimabara Rebellion of 1637-38, in which ninja spies aided the shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu in putting down Christian rebels. However, the age of the democratic and independent ninja provinces ended in 1581, when Nobunaga put down the Iga Revolt. Sources Man, John. Ninja: 1,000 Years of the Shadow Warrior, New York: HarperCollins, 2013. Turnbull, Stephen. Ninja, AD 1460-1650, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. Turnbull, Stephen. Warriors of Medieval Japan, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2011.

Main Characters In A Few Good Men - 1010 Words

â€Å"A Few Good Men† In the movie a â€Å"A Few Good Men† the main characters, Lieutenant Kaffee, Lieutenant Commander Galloway, and Lieutenant Weinburg, represent two marines, Dawson and Downey, in a federal case that could send them to prison for life. These two marines could have their lives taken from them because they listened to their higher ranking, Colonial Jessep. I bought the movie offline and while watching the drama unfold, I picked out five themes that we had covered in class. These important themes include: the prosecutor, the defense attorney, pleas, the bailiff, and the witnesses. There are many important people that are in the court system including the prosecutor. A prosecutor is also known as a District, State, or an United†¦show more content†¦Ross visits Cuba to talk to the men who were in charge of the privates, Colonial Jessep, to get his side of the story and see the crime scene for himself. Later he uses evidence from the crime scene that would usually be overlooked to help him win the case. Before the trail, Kaffee and the other attorneys, Galloway and Weinburg, prepare other evidence and prep their witnesses and clients. A scene at 1:00:40 shows Galloway Prepping private Downey for his statement. Defense attorneys have a big role and need to be able to work with others to get a good end result. Most end results of a case are due to a plea bargain. Plea bargains can take place anywhere, in this case in the office and a basketball court. 93 percent of convictions are made due to negotiated guilty pleas. Prosecutors can gain leverage through use of evidence to help them make a deal, also they can offer a less offense in return for information on another case. Plea bargains are usually made by the prosecutor and approved by the judge. In â€Å"A Few Good Men,† the two accused privates, Dawson and Downey, are facing life in prison for the murder of another private, Private Santiago. Ross, the prosecutor, tri es to make a plea with Kaffee, the defense attorney. The first time Ross tries to get him to agree with incapacitation for twelve years. When refusing the first plea, Ross gives Kaffee one more plea bargain for pleading guilty ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men And Cold Blood 1678 Words   |  7 Pagesa certain situation is right and wrong? Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck in 1937 and In Cold Blood, written in 1966 both explore the idea of right and wrong with humanity in two comparable situations. The novels both tell like stories that convey alike ideas, but the books are written differently. 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Social Policy on Occupational Welfare-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Social Policy on Occupational Welfare. Answer: Introduction The success of the business organization is dependent on the professional skills, positive mindset, job satisfaction and health of its manpower. At times, the manpower is exposed to certain menial tasks generating job related risks. One of the important aspects of the social policies in occupational welfare is, it is centered on the occupational health of the employees in order to safegaurd the health and safety so that the employees feel motivated and secured. At present, the majority of the business organizations are giving importance on occupational health and safety (OHS) policies (Dixon and Scheurell 2016). Justification of the Chosen Topic OHS is the discipline of preserving and maintaining human and facility resources in the workplace. OHS is a sensitive issue and proper maintenance of OHS depends solely on the employees, managers and shareholders of a particular organization. At present, the percentage of accidents occurring in the manufacturing industries is far greater than the other sectors. Dearth in awareness on safety norms, lack of planning in accident prevention, negligence in employee training and education, use of outdated machines or tools, use of hazard prone materials and poorly designed transport devices along with lack of proper support from the management are the main reasons behind such accidents. To curb this imbalance between safety and production, focus on policy formulation is mandatory. Such social policies will predict various types of injuries in the workplace and will benchmark the safety performance. OHS standards aim to deliver acceptable degree of protection to every worker in relation to the working conditions and threats of injury arise that may arise because of his or her job role (Routledge 2016). Literature Review Occupational health and safety (OHS) management system is defined as a set of policies aimed at employees attitudes and job satisfaction on well being in regard to job related risk. Occupational accidents are not only restricted to large-scale industries, numerous small-scale industries like farming industry, agricultural industry, fishery industry, silk weaving industry, and construction industries also face similar types of problems. D?jus and Antuchevi?ien? (2013) have identified height as the principal cause of fatal accidents in the construction industries. Al-Waili et al. (2012) analyzed the agricultural accident rates are also high due to the use of toxic fertilizers and pesticides. The findings of this study demonstrate that there is dearth or negligence in framing social policies direct towards OHS of the employees. According to the model proposed by Zhou, Whyte and Sacks (2012) in context of the construction business safety business, grip strength must be taken as a critica l consideration during manufacturing handling tools to cut-short risk occurance. The development of social policy in occupational welfare will help to classify jobs on the basis of low and high risk categories and subsequent framing of the OHS policies. Significance of the study There is an increase in the level of accidental threats in the construction site and the manufacturing industries. Such accidental threats are creating a dearth in productivity. Proper design and implementation of the social policies directed towards the OHS will help to improve the overall functioning of the organization and the productivity of the man power. At present, there are social policies but nothing dedicatedly directed towards the OHS wellbeing of the employees. Such deaths are generating negligence in the higher management to give proper importance in the OHS of their employees. The current study will focus on the gaps of the social policies and will help the help an organization to design a strict OHS policy for the betterment of its workforce. Research Objectives To analyze the impact of OHS in the employee retention and job satisfaction To identify the common deficiency in the social policy of OHS To recommend a framework for optimized development of social policy in OHS Research Design For the research study, the researcher has chosen the descriptive design, which is known as the cross- sectional research. The researcher will undertake qualitative analysis by using interview questionnaire. Expected Outcomes The study will eventually lead to identify the gaps in designing proper social policy directed towards the OHS of the employees and will provide an insight on the impact of the OHS on employee productivity and well-being. References Al-Waili, N., Salom, K., Al-Ghamdi, A. and Ansari, M.J., 2012. Antibiotic, pesticide, and microbial contaminants of honey: human health hazards. The Scientific World Journal, 2012. D?jus, T. and Antuchevi?ien?, J., 2013. Assessment of health and safety solutions at a construction site. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 19(5), pp.728-737. Dixon, J. and Scheurell, R.P. eds., 2016. Social welfare in developed market countries. Routledge. Matsuura, H., 2016. Occupational Health and Safety. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Zhou, W., Whyte, J. and Sacks, R., 2012. Construction safety and digital design: A review. Automation in Construction, 22, pp.102-111.

Ethical Communication and Citizenship - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Communication and Citizenship. Answer: Ethics are the moral values and principles through which the behaviour or the conduct of an individual towards an activity is governed. It is a moral philosophy which covers the systematizing, recommending and even defending the right and wrong conduct (Corrigan and Farrell 2010). They help in decision making and the aim of such decision making is towards the right choice selection. This right choice requires identification and prioritization of responsibilities to the person themselves, their profession and even the wider community. In the following parts, this very concept has been highlighted in context of James Hardie scandal and the activities undertaken by it. As stated in the introductory segment, the decision making under ethics require the emphasis to be placed on the person themself, the profession they belong to and the community in general. This is because these are deemed as the stakeholders who are impact or have the capacity of being impacted as a result of the conduct undertaken by the person. This requires a care to be taken in making decisions in such a manner which neither put a negative impact on themselves, nor on the different stakeholders (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell 2016). The same is particularly important in not putting a negative impact, if the positive impact cannot be attained on the different stakeholder groups, which is the key requirement as per the leading ethical theories. A leading ethical theory which assists in ethical decision making is that of utilitarianism. As per this theory, such decisions are deemed as ethical where the utility is maximized (Bykvist 2010). In other words, where the happiness is maxi mized from undertaking a particular action, such an action is deemed ethical. Thus, the consequence of an action can decide if an action is right or wrong (Mill 2017). Deontological theory can also be used for the purpose of undertaking ethical decision making and had been given by Immanuel Kant. This theory is provides that the morality of an action is the deciding factor on an ethical being moral or immoral (Naaman-Zauderer 2010). It refers to the obligation or rule based on ethics and focuses on the actions instead of end results (Mizzoni 2009). The third key ethical theory is virtue ethics in which the focus is placed on mind and character (Hursthouse and Pettigrove 2016). This theory presents that an action would be right where the same is undertaken by a virtuous person, on the basis of virtues of honesty, integrity, justice and fairness. Thus, instead of rules, duties or consequences, the moral character decides the act to be ethical or not (Winter 2011). The ethical theories and their interplay with the real world can be better explained with the example of Jamie Hardie, in context of ethical decision making. James Hardie scandal involved the economic exploitation of resources of the society, resulted in serious negative impact on the community. In Australia, James Hardie had evolved as the largest building manufacturer of asbestos based products when it was well known to cause major fatal diseases. James Hardie is deemed as a highly unethical blunder across the glove due to the continued mining and manufacturing products by the company when they knew the dangers of asbestos. The situation was further worsened when the company decided to ignore the claims of the asbestos victims and made an attempt to avoid their liability and responsibility on the issue by undertaking different corporate restructuring actions. The production of asbestos was an unethical decision as the same was undertaken for attaining commercial profits whilst the health and lives of the wider community was jeopardized. Even when the company realized the dangers back in 1964, they did not take any action to stop or even curtail the ill effects of this menace (Plessis, Hargovan, and Bagaric 2010). This decision was not only unethical for the society at large, but also towards the company itself. This can be established through the application of different ethical theories discussed early on. Where utilitarianism is applied to the present perspective, the actions of James Hardie were unethical as they did not focus on maximizing the happiness, as the society was put at a danger of different diseases associated to asbestos, just for earning profits. This ultimately led to the end of James Hardie and the number of its key members, including directors of the company, being held liable. The utility was neither maximized towards the profession, nor towards the company itself, let along the society. So, the consequences of their actions made the company unethical. Where deontological theory is applied in context of James Hardie Company, the actions of the company are to be analysed. James Hardie continued with the production of asbestos for a long period of time, even when it knew th e ill effects of the same. This continuation would be deemed as unethical as the actions of the company were motivated by greed. The company even made attempts at avoiding their liability by indulging in corporate restructuring which again is a proof of the company being unethical. As this corporate restructuring is something which ultimately got the company under the lens of ASIC, the actions of the company were unethical even for them. Also, the focus of the company was not towards earning profits for the stakeholders, but to benefit a few persons, which again was an unethical thing. Lastly, when the theory of virtue ethics is applied, the actions of the company were neither honest, nor fair and were far away from virtues of justice or integrity, making the actions of the company unethical. To conclude, the case of James Hardie continues to be an example of unethical behaviour not just in Australia but world-wide. No matter which ethical theory is applied, the actions of the company cannot be deemed as ethical. Also, such unethical decision making not only harmed the society in terms of asbestos victims but also the company as the key people running the company and indulging in such unethical acts were held liable under the law. References Bykvist, K 2010, Utilitarianism: A Guide for the Perplexed, Bloomsbury Academic, London. Corrigan, RH Farrell, ME 2010, Ethics: A University Guide, Progressive Frontiers press, Gloucester. Ferrell, OC, Fraedrich, J Ferrell, L 2016, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making Cases, 11th edn, Cengage Learning, Boston, MA. Hursthouse, R Pettigrove, G 2016, Virtue Ethics, Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. retrieved 01 December 2017, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-virtue/#FormVirtEthi Mill, JS 2017, Utilitarianism, Coventry House Publishing, Dublin, OH. Mizzoni, J 2009, Ethics: The Basics, John Wiley Sons, West Sussex. Naaman-Zauderer, N 2010, Descartes' Deontological Turn: Reason, Will, and Virtue in the Later Writings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Plessis, JJD, Hargovan, A Bagaric, M 2010, Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Winter, M 2011, Rethinking Virtue Ethics, Springer, New York.